Underground Construction Gets a High-Tech Makeover: How Micro-Tunneling is Transforming Infrastructure Projects

The construction industry is experiencing a technological revolution that’s literally changing how we think about underground work. Micro tunneling is a trenchless construction method that facilitates the installation of underground pipelines with minimal surface disruption. This breakthrough technology is reshaping everything from urban utility installations to major infrastructure projects, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency that traditional excavation methods simply can’t match.

What Makes Micro-Tunneling a Game-Changer?

Microtunneling is a trenchless technology that describes itself with its name—it’s a technique typically used to bore smaller tunnels, mostly used for pipelines of 0.6 – 2 meters (m) in diameter. However, microtunnels are getting longer, bigger, deeper, and curvier. In 2019, the largest diameter microtunneling project in North America was designed by Stantec and completed at 3.68m in diameter.

Unlike conventional excavation methods, microtunneling is an advanced form of trenchless technology that allows the operator to steer the boring machine remotely from outside of the tunnel. These smaller diameter tunnels are generally controlled remotely with laser-guided steering by an operator at the surface rather than sitting in the machine itself.

The precision capabilities are remarkable. A big advantage to microtunneling is that it is very accurate on line and grade compared to other trenchless methods. Hitting the mark of plus/minus one inch is achievable. This level of accuracy is transforming how contractors approach complex underground installations.

Real-World Applications and Benefits

The technology’s versatility is evident in recent projects. This $2.1 million project for the City of Houston involved the installation of 1,390 lf of 15-in. Logan clay pipe in five runs, with the longest at 400 ft. The project started January 9, 2024, and was completed April 30, 2024. Major infrastructure projects are also embracing this technology, with microtunnel sections, valued at ~$53 million, were four crossings using a Herrenknecht AVN2000AB System with an adapted soft ground cutter wheel for installation of 106-in. steel casing.

With its ability to install utilities reliably and efficiently, micro tunneling has become the preferred choice in over 70% of urban projects, as noted by industry experts. The environmental benefits are equally compelling. Micro tunneling minimizes environmental impact through its trenchless approach, which reduces surface disturbance and preserves local ecosystems. Research confirms that micro tunneling facilitates significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional techniques due to decreased usage of heavy machinery.

Cost-Effectiveness and Safety Advantages

While initial costs may be higher than traditional methods, the long-term economics are compelling. Adopting micro tunneling can enhance cost-efficiency in construction projects. The technique reduces the need for extensive surface restoration and traffic management, leading to substantial savings. Additionally, the accelerated installation process decreases labor costs and expedites project completion, thereby reducing potential delays.

Safety improvements are significant as well. This approach enhances safety for construction workers by utilizing remote-controlled operations, minimizing surface disruptions and, consequently, gaining public acceptance for infrastructure projects. With a remote process, there’s no need for workers to enter tunnels.

Industry Growth and Market Trends

The industry is experiencing substantial growth. As we wrap up 2024, a notable trend is the increased adoption of trenchless technologies for both new utility installations and the revitalization of existing systems. This shift is fueled by improved client awareness of the benefits of trenchless construction, particularly in reducing community disruptions and extending the life of existing assets.

In the auger boring category, 885 projects were reported, along with microtunneling (496), guided boring/pilot tube (221), pipe bursting/slitting (149), non-jack methods (143+), pipe ramming (135) across the top engineering firms, demonstrating the technology’s growing market penetration.

Challenges and Ground Conditions

The technology excels in difficult conditions. Microtunneling is ideal to use within difficult ground conditions. Although this may include soft soil, microtunneling is also used to bore through sand, clay, and hard rocks. Where microtunneling is especially useful, is below the groundwater table. The microtunneling machinery is sealed and pressurized, which prevents groundwater from entering the machine.

However, challenges exist. Microtunneling, however useful, does have its limitations. Unexpected conditions within the tunnel may prevent the machine from working properly. When using microtunneling, it is also difficult to maintain a line and grade when an obstruction occurs.

The Future of Underground Construction

For property owners and contractors considering underground installations, micro-tunneling represents a significant advancement over traditional excavation methods. Whether you’re planning utility installations, foundation work, or complex infrastructure projects, understanding these technological capabilities can inform better project decisions.

When evaluating contractors for your project, it’s essential to work with professionals who understand both traditional and advanced construction methods. Companies that offer comprehensive Excavating Services and stay current with industry innovations can provide the expertise needed to determine the most appropriate approach for your specific project requirements.

In conclusion, adopting micro tunneling technology marks a significant advancement in underground construction, combining efficiency with environmental consciousness. As this technology continues to evolve and expand its capabilities, it’s reshaping the landscape of underground construction, offering property owners and contractors more precise, efficient, and environmentally responsible options for their infrastructure needs.